The internationalization paradox: Untangling dependence in multinational state hybrids

We investigate the internationalization of firms with ownership links to the state from the perspective of resource dependence theory, and argue that internationalization can reduce dependence on the home country government, but, paradoxically, this strategy also creates additional dependences, shifts the power balance, and provides rationales for increasing government control. Utilizing a ‘critical’ case – Vale from Brazil – we analyze different conditions that enable greater autonomy for and greater government control over multinational state hybrids in the context of internationalization. We contribute to the international business literature by generating a novel framework that considers the effects of market trends (extractive industry) and non-market trends (home country policies) on the internationalization of state hybrids.     

THE EMERGENCE OF FREELANCER COOPERATIVES IN SOUTH KOREA

This paper examines freelancer cooperatives that have recently emerged in South Korea. In particular, it investigates the reasons why freelancers have established cooperatives and what conditions are required for freelancer cooperatives to increase their work. A review of the extant literature on the manner in which freelancers have to organize, as well as case studies regarding freelancer cooperatives, shows that freelancer cooperatives have emerged in order to reduce members' job uncertainty and to reduce time variance of projects assigned to a freelancer. Based on an analysis of freelancers’ organizational characteristics relative to entrepreneur cooperatives and worker cooperatives, we propose that the freelancer cooperatives are a hybrid between entrepreneur cooperatives and worker cooperatives. This paper also proposes the conditions required for development of freelancer cooperatives and suggests how those are distinguished from traditional entrepreneur cooperatives.     

Sacred alliance or pact with the devil? How and why social enterprises collaborate with mainstream businesses in the fair trade sector*

Abstract

This paper uses institutional theory to highlight different patterns of cross-sector collaboration from the perspective of social enterprises. Specifically, it explores how and why social enterprises interact with mainstream businesses and to what extent their collaboration patterns reflect a vision of how their social mission should be implemented and institutionalized. The empirical analysis is derived from a qualitative study of ‘fair trade’ – a hybrid model created by social enterprises and using market mechanisms to support small-scale producers in developing countries and to advocate for changes in international trading practices. The findings highlight three strategies used by fair trade social enterprises to manage their interactions with mainstream businesses: sector solidarity, selective engagement, and active appropriation. This paper suggests that each strategy is motivated by a different vision of how best to articulate the social mission of fair trade via specific types of collaborations. It also notes how each vision has a distinct pattern of institutionalization at the field level. This paper adds to the emergent literatures on social enterprise and social entrepreneurship, fair trade, cross-sector collaboration and hybrid organizing.     

基于时域分割的DS/FH信号参数估计

针对时频分析方法在直扩/跳频(DS/FH)混 合扩频信号参数估计中存在时频分辨率受限、交叉项干扰、实时性差等缺点,通过分 析DS/FH信号的时频特性,提出了一种新的DS/FH信号参数估计方法。该方法从待测信号的时 域分析出发,利用不同跳频点对应的周期数不相等的性质,完成了对DS/FH信号的时域分割 ,最后结合DS/FH信号性质完成了对待测信号跳频周期、驻留时间、跳频频率的估计。仿真 结果表明,该方法针对DS/FH信号的参数估计精度高,运算速度较快,且没有干扰频率。     

一种快速的DS/FH混合扩频信号捕获方案及其性能分析

为了提高DS/FH混合扩频信号的捕获速度, 提出了一种将DS/FH 信号中三维搜索转化为 二维搜索的快速捕获方案。通过对搜索过程的详细分析,推导出在单、双驻留条件下的平均 捕获时间数学表达式以及高斯信道下系统的检测性能计算公式。理论推导与仿真结 果表明：相对于传统的捕获方式,该方案有效地缩短了系统的平均捕获时间,具有更强的抗 噪性能,适用于存在较强噪声的复杂通信环境。     

The potential of participatory hybrid breeding

This article explores the potential of involving smallholder farmers in hybrid development for their low-external input farming systems. We have developed a conceptual model of the procedures, based on five assumptions: (a) the hybrids are bred for adaptation to local needs and preferences; (b) the dependence on and need for genetic diversity is taken into account; (c) breeders collaborate closely with farmers also in the initial stages of the breeding programme, that is, in establishing the breeding goals by identifying the desired traits and preferred local populations as (one of the) crossing parents; (d) hybrid seed production can be integrated into the farmers’ local seed system; and (e) farmers and breeders can agree on intellectual property rights, access and benefit sharing in a fair and transparent way. We illustrate the procedural consequences of these assumptions with reference to the case of a participatory maize breeding programme in southwest China, from 2000 to 2012, that included both open-pollinated and hybrid maize improvement. We show how farmers’ early involvement in hybrid development during the pre-breeding stage, including broadening the base populations with farmer-maintained local landraces, can support co-evolution of the genetic resources in farmers’ fields.     

供应链计划国内外研究现状及发展趋势

通过对国内外大量相关文献的分析对比和分类,总结了供应链计划研究的各个方面,提出混杂供应链系统一体化物流计划的研究是供应链计划领域最新的发展趋势,以期对供应链计划领域的研究者提供参考价值。     

基于LINGO的快递企业物流节点布局规划方法

研究快递企业物流节点布局问题,首先分析快递业务流程,然后在此基础上建立了混合非线性0-1规划模型,即在确定的业务网点备选地点中选出恰当的网点,使系统总费用最低。最后,结合武汉某快递公司实例,使用Lingo软件具体分析了建模、求解过程,结果显示其是一种有效的求解物流节点布局最优化的方法,对快递企业物流节点布局规划过程有一定的帮助。     

视频流应用层组播系统的设计与实现

文章设计了一个用于视频流分发的应用层组播系统,系统由视频采集、视频编解码、组播传输和服务器4个模块构成。视频捕获采用Video for Windows(VFW)技术实现,编解码基于H.263标准。网络结构上提出使用混合P2P树形结构,降低了中心服务器的压力,服务器负责会议成员信息的管理,为组播树的建立与维护提供支持,组播传输使用基于度约束的构造算法,考虑了节点带宽和计算能力。该系统已投入运行,基本达到设计目标。     

杂交水稻科研质量管理体系及组织机构设计研究

杂交水稻科学研究属于农业基础研究工作,质量管理体系建设是推动科技创新的可靠保障。依据杂交水稻科研的特点,在全面质量管理理论指导下,建立了杂交水稻科研质量管理体系框架,设计了杂交水稻科研质量管理的运行机制,探讨和分析了杂交水稻科研质量管理机构的建设。